@mastersthesis {1637, title = {Les chasses des souverains en France (1804-1830)}, volume = {Th{\`e}se de doctorat}, year = {2013}, school = {[s.n.]}, type = {Th{\`e}se de doctorat : Histoire : Paris 4 : 2013}, address = {[S.l.]}, abstract = {
Activit{\'e} pris{\'e}e des rois de France depuis l{\textquoteright}{\'e}poque m{\'e}di{\'e}vale, la chasse {\'e}tait devenue pour les derniers Bourbons plus une passion d{\'e}vorante qu{\textquoteright}une simple distraction. Louis XV et Louis XVI furent critiqu{\'e}s par l{\textquoteright}opinion publique naissante, qui consid{\'e}rait que leurs chasses on{\'e}reuses les {\'e}loignaient du gouvernement. Apr{\`e}s la chute de la monarchie, les chasses royales disparurent. Elles furent remises au go{\^u}t du jour par Napol{\'e}on Ier, soucieux de s{\textquoteright}approprier les apparences de la l{\'e}gitimit{\'e} monarchique. Le mar{\'e}chal Berthier fut ainsi nomm{\'e} Grand veneur en 1804. Gr{\^a}ce {\`a} lui, Napol{\'e}on put faire de ses chasses un instrument politique puissant, une distraction de Cour pris{\'e}e, le tout avec une {\'e}conomie substantielle de moyens. La Restauration, au lieu de revenir {\`a} l{\textquoteright}organisation d{\textquoteright}Ancien R{\'e}gime, choisit de conserver l{\textquoteright}{\'e}quipage de chasse et l{\textquoteright}administration mise en place pour Napol{\'e}on, qui fonctionn{\`e}rent jusqu{\textquoteright}en 1830. Naquit ainsi le paradoxe d{\textquoteright}une Restauration affichant, {\`a} la suite de l{\textquoteright}Empire, la volont{\'e} de renouer avec la tradition monarchique, mais cela gr{\^a}ce {\`a} un {\'e}quipage form{\'e} pour Napol{\'e}on. C{\textquoteright}est cette continuit{\'e}, humaine, budg{\'e}taire, mais aussi politique et symbolique qu{\textquoteright}il convient d{\textquoteright}{\'e}tudier au travers des {\'e}l{\'e}ments constitutifs des chasses : une implantation autour de Paris permettant une circulation de la Cour autour de diff{\'e}rentes r{\'e}sidences de chasse, une pratique r{\'e}guli{\`e}re destin{\'e}e {\`a} la distraction du souverain et de ses proches, des invitations de personnages politiquement importants, qui donnent {\`a} certains jours de chasse bien pr{\'e}cis une r{\'e}sonance particuli{\`e}re. Autant d{\textquoteright}aspects qui se retrouvent dans les sources : archives, journaux, m{\'e}moires, {\oe}uvres d{\textquoteright}art.
Hunting had always been the privileged activity of kings since the mediaeval period, and for the later Bourbons it became a consuming passion. Indeed Louis XV and Louis XVI were to be criticized by a proto public opinion ; it was thought that hunts were expensive and that they distracted the rulers from the duties of government. The royal hunts disappeared with the fall of the monarchy. But Napoleon, with his desire to appropriate the outward show of monarchical legitimacy, brought it back. Marshal Berthier was appointed Grand veneur and given the task of organizing the imperial hunt in exactly the same way as it had been done under Louis XVI. Napoleon made the hunts a powerful political instrument and a Court indulgence whilst at the same time making considerable savings. The Restoration in fact chose not to revive Ancien R{\'e}gime customs but preserved the Napoleonic hunting administration. This gave rise to the paradox of a Restoration attempting to reinvigorate monarchical traditions but using structures created by Napoleon. This is that strong continuity, human, budgetary, but also political and symbolic, inside a geographical field concentrated around Paris that made it possible for the Court to circulate around the different imperial hunting residences, to dedicate certain days to the hunts, and to invite some important political figures. All of these aspects are to be found in the sources : archives, newspapers, autobiographies, artworks.
}, author = {Charles-Eloi Vial}, editor = {Jacques-Olivier Boudon} }